Sociology vs. Psychology: Which Degree Is Right for You?
If you're interested in pursuing a career in social sciences, you might wonder whether a degree in psychology or sociology is right for you. Although these fields are closely related, they are considered two separate and distinct disciplines. Likewise, there are some key differences in the types of careers you could pursue with a sociology degree versus a psychology degree.
With a better understanding of the difference between psychology and sociology — along with insight into job outlooks for each — you may better determine which path is right for you.
What Is Sociology?
In simplest terms, sociology refers to the study of human behavior, how humans socialize with each other and the unique kinds of social structures they create. More specifically, the American Sociological Association (ASA) defines sociology as "the study of social life, social change and the social causes and consequences of human behavior."
Within the field, sociologists may study such topics as human culture, social institutions, social movements and issues of social inequality.
What Is Psychology?
Psychology, on the other hand, is a field that centers on the study of how the mind works and influences human behaviors. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), "Psychologists examine the relationships between brain function and behavior, and the environment and behavior, applying what they learn to illuminate our understanding and improve the world around us."
Common topics studied and researched in psychology include those related to brain function, child development, disordered behavior and memory.
Key Similarities Between Sociology and Psychology
When comparing sociology versus psychology, the first thing you might realize is that these two disciplines are rather similar in a number of ways.
Use of Research
Both sociology and psychology are fields that rely heavily on research. Working in either realm requires a solid understanding of both qualitative and quantitative research as well as the ability to follow the scientific method and apply critical thinking skills. In both fields, research may be used to further understanding of how humans think and act.
Focus on Societal Issues and Mental Health
By their very nature, both sociology and psychology also focus a great deal on societal problems and mental health as they affect humans. This may include research on prevalent issues such as human rights, gender inequality, racial inequality and poverty among human populations. Because mental health also influences human behavior, sociologists and psychologists tend to study the effects of various mental health conditions (such as anxiety, depression, PTSD and bipolar disorder) on an individual's mental processes and actions.
Understanding Human Behavior
Perhaps above all else, the biggest link between sociology and psychology is the shared study of human behavior. Both fields are strongly concerned with how societal and psychological factors ultimately inform and impact how humans behave and interact with others.
Differences Between Psychology and Sociology
Despite notable similarities between sociology and psychology, there are some even greater differences to consider if you are thinking about going into either of these fields as a career.
Scope of Study
First, though both fields revolve around the study of human behavior, the overall scope of this study differs considerably. In sociology, for example, the focus is on larger-scale societal issues and how they can impact human action. Psychology, however, focuses more narrowly on understanding the individual and how human behavior is affected by the brain.
Research Methods
In addition, there are significant differences between psychology and sociology in terms of how research is conducted. Generally, research in sociology is broader in scale, looking at communities or entire populations. Research in psychology tends to instead examine individuals and small groups more closely.
Career Paths
Even given the overlap between psychology and sociology, the career paths associated with each discipline look quite different. With this comes different career opportunities, job outlooks and work settings.
Career Opportunities and Job Outlook
So, what might you do with a degree in sociology versus a degree in psychology? Below are just a few examples of common job titles in each discipline, plus relevant job outlook information from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Sociology Careers
Sociology is a common field of study for those who go on to become:
- Sociologists
- Social workers
- Human resources professionals
- Market research analysts
- Admissions counselors
- Public policy, planning and administration
While the job outlook for different sociology careers can vary from one job title to the next, the demand for sociologists as a whole is projected to grow by 7% between 2023 and 2033. That's faster than the national average for all occupations.
Psychology Careers
Meanwhile, those with degrees in psychology may proceed to work as:
- School and career counselors
- Market researchers
- Charity and nonprofit workers
- Life coaches
- Clinical psychologists
- Family therapists and mental health counselors
The job outlook for psychologists is similar to that of sociologists, with BLS data projecting a 7% growth in demand between 2023 and 2033.
Sociology or Psychology Degree? How to Choose
Still not sure whether a degree in sociology or psychology is right for you? Here are a few additional considerations that may help you reach a decision.
Assess Your Interest and Career Goals
First, consider where your specific interests lie and how those may align with your professional goals. For instance, if you're more interested in human behavior as it relates to social systems and social interactions, then a sociology degree may be more suitable. On the other hand, if you envision yourself working as a counselor or psychologist and interacting with individuals (rather than larger populations), it may be time to explore a psychology degree program.
Review Market Demand and Educational Requirements
The job outlook for psychologists and sociologists is identical, according to current BLS data. However, specific job outlook and market demand for various roles within these fields may differ. With this in mind, it's wise to review the market demand and trends for your ideal job before committing to one field over the other.
Consider, too, that different jobs within sociology and psychology may come with different educational requirements. Sociologists, for example, often hold a master's degree or even a doctorate (PhD). Those with a bachelor's degree may not be able to work as sociologists but might qualify for roles in social work, education or public policy.
Pursue a Sociology Degree at the University of Memphis
Both psychology and sociology are in-demand career paths centered on the study of human behavior, societal issues and research-based practices. At the same time, these fields differ greatly in their overall scope of study, the research methods used and the career paths associated with each discipline.
If you are looking to build your skill set in sociology, choosing the right degree program can make all the difference. At the University of Memphis, we're proud to offer an online bachelor's degree program in sociology — led by faculty experts who cover subjects like social inequalities, criminology, social research and medical sociology — that equips students with the foundational knowledge and proficiencies needed within this rewarding field. Learn more about our sociology degree program by reaching out today, or get started with your application for admission.
Sources
American Psychological Association (APA)
American Sociological Association (ASA)
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Sociology
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Social Work
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Human Resources
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Marketing Research
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Admissions Counselors
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - School and Career Counselors
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Family Therapsts
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Mental Health Counselors
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - Physical and Social Science Psychologists